Police Legitimacy and Accountability Essay - 1300 Words

Policing relies on the public trust, police legitimacy and accountability, which can be destroyed by unjustifiable police shootings (Squires and Kennninson, 2010). Within this country, there is a recognition that the police do not always adhere to the rule of law (Newburn and Reiner, 2012: 809), which has led to consistent public outrage at the lack of effectiveness and legitimacy the police has maintained. Therefore the deliberate decision to enforce police to attend to the streets unarmed was employed to reassure the public that the police were not to be feared (Waddington and Wright, 2010). Ultimately, concerns derive from the belief that the police are completely ineffective when dealing with gun crimes (Farrell, 1992: 20). However,†¦show more content†¦Which has encouraged the representation of a police subculture which glorifies crime fighting (Dick, 2005). There is a belief that individuals who are considered to be more authoritarian are more likely to apply for a ca reer in policing, and these individuals are more prone to violence (Belur, 2009). Police routinely over-use coercive authority when they are encouraged to maintain a purpose of fighting the war against crime (Skolnick and Fyfe, 1993). This can further encourage other officers to believe that using force against criminals is a desirable method of controlling crime (Belur, 2009). However the United Kingdom is a country that does not condone any killing of its members, therefore the issue of police killing being deemed as legal creates friction between the public and police (McCulloch, 1989). Armed police are required to become skilled at responding to events that demand the use of firearms (Fyfe, 1981). Arguments arise from the publics failure to recognise the police’s difficulty in making a straightforward judgment as to whether coercive force or the use of guns is required in events (Dick, 2005). When police do use guns, there is a risk that police may misfire and consequently cause more victims as a result (McCulloch, 1989). Furthermore, in circumstances that require force, natural biological impulses kick in; informally known as the fight orShow MoreRelatedA Unified Accountability System Of Law Enforcement Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction and Statement of Purpose A Unified Accountability System in Law Enforcement Introduction Accountability in law enforcement is an element that is vital to effective policing across the United States. Furthermore, it is one of the fundamental principles in our democratic society. Additionally, accountability helps to bridge the law enforcement agency and the community in an effective crime fighting relationship. Consequently, it is imperative that officials hold law enforcement officersRead MoreA Unified Accountability System For All Law Enforcement Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: A Unified Accountability System for All Law Enforcement Topic: Police Accountability Specific Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of centralized procedures directed by the DOJ, which ensures every law enforcement agency and police officer have the same process for action accountability, and how the procedures will foster lawfulness and legitimacy within the community. I. Introduction A. Accountability in law enforcement is an element that is vital toRead MoreImplementing The President s Task Force On 21st Century Policing Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagespolicing, 2015). Society in general have showed the distrust, protests and many questions for the like hood of the police profession. The reputation of the police profession is that of the 6 pillars of policing in the modern world as outlined by the President’s Task Force on the 21st Century Policing, which sought to recommend steps forward. Under the banners of ‘Building Trust and Legitimacy’, ‘Policy and Oversight’, ‘Technology and Social Media’, ‘Community Policing and Crime Reduction’, ‘Officer TrainingRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police1585 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality and office involved shootings have sparked national debate and created a strain between police officers and citizens. Recently, there have been more home videos that display acts of aggression by police officers. These police officers often use excessive forces or a condescending tone towards people of color which is why there needs to be a better way to mend police and civilian relationship. People should be able to trust the police in their communities rather than fear them. PoliceRead MoreCritically Discussion of the Issue of Stop and Search1435 Words   |  6 PagesThere is significant debate on the legitimacy and the accountability of police powers when conducting stop and search, which has led to concerns about the effectiveness of policing. Reiner (2000: 80) has stated that policing is ‘beyond legitimation’ as a result of consistent complaints concerning the abuse of police powers within stop and search. The cause for concern is not only raised by the public, or other agencies, but is now recognised by senior British police officers (Ainsworth, 2002: 28).Read MorePolice Effectiveness And Police Performance1302 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Police are held to account, and will touch upon the paradox of police governance, the balance of unwanted coercion of police, financial stewardship and police legitimacy. This essay will also divulge into a discussion on the topic; is policing political? There will be an argument for and against, an d the advantages and disadvantages to both sides will be conversed to achieve an accurate conclusion. In addition this essay will start by portraying the significance of Police Accountability. PoliceRead MoreExpanding Accountability Reflection894 Words   |  4 PagesExpanding accountability measurements is another issue that should be further enhanced in police departments. This usually takes place through automation and comprehensive qualitative reviews that provide a more thorough account of the milestones achieved by officers. For instance, leaders in different police departments need to communicate the idea of efficiency, which will eventually improve the performance of officers (Scott, 2017). From this perspective, automating certain accountability measurementsRead MoreLaw Enforcement Should Be Equipped With Body Worn Cameras1749 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality of minorities has brought us as a nation to discuss whether law enforcement should be equipped with body-worn cameras. As we are aware technology today has advanced exponentially - far beyond our imaginations cellphones and other electronics devices are equipped with the most awesome digital features. These devices provide citizens the capability to record anything they desire capturing the good bad and ugly including police misconduct. Last year alone, 120 million smart phonesRead MoreCommunity Policing Corruption2295 Words   |  10 Pagesfalling on police to curtail it. Unfortunately, the infectious nature of crime often drags these assigned â€Å"stoppers† into the same mud that they are trying to prevent others from falling into. When officers abuse their legally sanctioned position of authority, it is known as police corruption. It is a persistent problem that is more significant in a criminal sense than the average person committing a crime because it is happening by a representative/protector of the law. Since police are not judiciariesRead MorePros And Cons Of Cameras On Police Officer1278 Words   |  6 Pages The Pros and Cons of Cameras on Police Officer’s In this day in age, technology has a big influence on people lives and one of these influences is the use of recording videos. Going on the internet you can find any type of video and stream it, which can be good for a learning experience, but it also could have a negative experience as well. This is no different for police with body worn cameras, since there is always will be pros and cons when dealing

cosmetic surgery - 3317 Words

Cosmetic Surgery Is Moving Toward Multiethnic Beauty Ideals The increasing number of nonwhites getting cosmetic surgery is helping society accelerate from a crawl to a full-bore sprint toward one truly melted, fusion community. In the following viewpoint, Anupreeta Das questions whether minorities go under the knife to look more Caucasian. She suggests that as ethnically ambiguous beauties emerge in entertainment and the media, many African American, Asian, and Latino cosmetic-surgery patients want changes that harmonize with their ethnic features. In fact, Das states more surgeons today are specializing in race-specific procedures. This blending and reducing of racial characteristics through cosmetic surgery allow†¦show more content†¦And the increasing number of nonwhites getting cosmetic surgery is helping society accelerate from a crawl to a full-bore sprint toward one truly melted, fusion community. There were 11.5 million cosmetic procedures done in 2005, including surgical ones such as face lifts and rhinoplasties and nonsurgical ones such as Botox shots and collagen injections. One out of every five patients was of African, Asian, or Hispanic descent (separate statistics arent available for white versus nonwhite Hispanics). According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, the number of minority patients undergoing cosmetic procedures increased from 300,000 in 1997 to 2 million in 2005. Although the total demand for cosmetic procedures also increased—from 2 million in 1997 to 11.5 million in 2005—the rate of increase for minorities is higher than the overall rate. (Women account for more than nine-tenths of all cosmetic procedures.) Different ethnic and racial groups favor different procedures. Statistics compiled by the AAFPRS show that in 2005, more than six out of every 10 African-Americans getting cosmetic surgery had nose jobs. Unlike rhinoplasties performed on Caucasians, which may fix a crooked bridge or shave off a hump, doctors say African-American and Asian-American nose reshaping usually leads to narrower nostrils, a higher bridge, and a pointier tip. For Asian-Americans,Show MoreRelatedCosmetic Plastic Surgery : Cosmetic Surgery994 Words   |  4 PagesOther failures related to cosmetic plastic surgery are often linked to the use of Botox. For instance, e all know or have seen this one person who has received an excess of Botox injections and ended up having unnaturally, protruding cheeks. Although using Botox is nonsurgical, it is still classified as cosmetic plastic surgery because it restrains our muscles from carrying out any movement. Many people believe that since this process does not involve cutting through a patient’s skin, it does entailRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Surgery And Surgery2299 Words   |  10 PagesSydnee Mangette Cosmetic Surgery Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but this statement is often ignored today. Beauty is very much valued in our society today, and to become more beautiful, people look to cosmetic surgery. There are two categories of cosmetic surgery: invasive and minimally invasive surgeries. Minimally invasive surgeries, like laser hair removal, are often called surface treatments. These procedures require little time and no cuts or actual surgery procedures are performedRead MoreCosmetic Surgery1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative and Positive Effects of Cosmetic Surgery Are you considering cosmetic surgery? The numbers of individuals electing these surgeries are growing rapidly each year. Much of this rapid growth is because of advances in technology that have made plastic surgery techniques both safer and more affordable, as well as cutting down on recovery time. Cosmetic surgery improves body image and self-esteem and reconstructive surgery fixes irregularities such as hereditary disorders, birthRead MorePlastic Surgery : Cosmetic And Cosmetic Surgery879 Words   |  4 PagesI) Definition Cosmetic and plastic surgery According to the merriam-Webster website, plastic surgery is another common word for Cosmetic Surgery which means, in general, a type of operation to improve parts of the body. The medical term of Plastic Surgery comes from Greek in 1638. Cosmetic is a type of ornamental surgery which helps patients to reform and rebuild part or demonstrative of their body in order to embellish their appearance and be beautiful. The defect for that could be congenitalRead MoreCosmetic Surgery1507 Words   |  7 PagesShould cosmetic surgery be encouraged to the general public? Cosmetic surgery is defined as â€Å"any medical operation which is intended to improve a person’s appearance rather than their health† (Cambridge Dictionary, 2003, p.275). By definition, cosmetic surgery is a common practice used to modify the physical outlook of people, especially for women. This is definitely a luxury, which is not necessary to the public. Starting from the 20th century, however, cosmetic surgery is no longer a luxuryRead MoreEssay on Cosmetic Surgery1370 Words   |  6 PagesCosmetic Surgery Cosmetic surgery has been a growing fascination for many people over the last couple of decades. The public eye has been watching movie stars and rock stars enhance their looks by getting breast implants, nose jobs, lip jobs etc. In Gary Schaefer’s article, â€Å"Emerging From Stigma, Cosmetic Surgery Remaking Face of Japan† from the Edmonton Journal, we hear the story of a nineteen year old woman named Risa Arato. She had a makeover done on the prime time Japanese television showRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Surgery And Surgery Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesCosmetic surgery is unlikely to change your life; it just changes your outward appearance to others. Cosmetic surgery can be very successful, but it is not risk-free; even though laser cosmetic surgery poses fewer risks than invasive surgery. After selecting and meeting with physicians for your cosmetic surgery, you will have to pick the one that fits your budget and personality. As people grow older, certain th ings play a big role in making skin look wrinkly and old that cosmetic surgery cannotRead MoreEthics in Cosmetic Surgery1367 Words   |  6 Pagesaround the world are choosing to have cosmetic surgery. It seems to be an easy fix to problems that people perceive, even if the problems are natural, like breast size. In a sociological study done in the UK, the author found that â€Å"[T]o have breast implants requires a major medical procedure, but they are sold as a fashion accessory and the procedure is framed as a beauty treatment rather than an operation by those who sell it† (Taylor). While many cosmetic surgeries are fairly simple procedures, thereRead MorePlastic Surgery And Cosmetic Surgery1496 Words   |  6 PagesPlastic surgery has become an extremely popular trend throughout the past years of the American culture. There are many reasons why people get plastic surgery, however, our society is the first to judge an individual for getting a procedure done. The controve rsy regarding plastic surgery is extremely relevant and has received major attention through celebrities, television, and social media. However, many individuals are unaware that there is a difference between both plastic surgery and cosmetic surgeryRead MoreThe Beauty Of Cosmetic Surgery899 Words   |  4 Pagesartificial enhancement. The interest of celebrity is gazing at their body-parts, and it links the relationship between celebrity culture and cosmetic surgery. While there is a desire on being alike to the celebrity can achieve beauty, the demand of cosmetic surgery has increased in the society. As not many people could meet the standard of beauty, cosmetic surgery is the fastest way to obtain a perfect body and is generally accepted by the public nowadays. It allows the commodification of the body. Swami

Tesco Bank Marketing Free Essays

string(42) " in the North West are its target market\." The research draws attention to the fact that the current product life cycle of Tesco Bank is in the Maturity stage. And now Tesco Bank is a question mark according to Boston’s Matrix. The target market of Tesco Bank includes Tesco Clubcard holders, families with children, pet and car. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Bank Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now By Geographic segmentation, Brislington in the North East, Coventry in the Midlands and Blackpool in the North West are its target market. You read "Tesco Bank Marketing" in category "Papers" By Demographic segmentation, the age should be targeted from 18 to 50 and over 50s. By Behavioural segmentation, its loyal customers are targeted. Further investigations reveal that the Tesco Clubcard Credit Card’s position in the market is not enough good and the repositioning makes this product become more competitive in the market. The main price strategy is competition-based pricing. A new Good-value pricing strategy is made for the repositioning product. Moreover, an A3 size poster for Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is designed for advertisement. It is recommended: ? The future market strategy of Tesco Bank should focus on strengthening its customer base and service improvement. Innovation of products is important. * Tesco supermarkets are good platforms for Tesco Bank to advertise itself. TASK 1 AREA OF STUDY Tesco Bank is a subsidiary company of Tesco (the UK’s largest supermarket) in the UK. This bank was ever named Tesco Personal Finance. Initially, Tesco Personal Finance (TPF) was a joint venture business between Tesco and the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) (Datamonitor, 2011). Then, Tesco took full control of Tesco Personal Finance, by an agreement with RBS to buy its 50% shareholding in TPF in 2008 (Sky News, 2008). TPF was renamed Tesco Bank in 2009 and it was a signal that Tesco would like to join into the high street banking sector (The Telegraph, 2009). Tesco Bank has continuously made good progress in 2011. For example, savings, the number of credit cards and insurance sales have strongly increased (Tesco plc website, 2012). As a new entrant with great brand awareness that was untainted by the banking crisis, Tesco Bank has great potential to boost sales in the UK because the current customer dissatisfaction with banks is serious in the UK (MarketWatch, 2009). However, it is necessary to focus on this area for improvement because the infrastructure of Tesco bank is not enough and it should have a better market strategy to attract more customers as a new entrant. TASK 2 PLC STAGE Kotler and Armstrong (2012) define product life cycle (PLC) as a development trajectory of a product based on its sales and profits over its lifetime. The five distinct stages (product development stage, introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage) of PLC describe how products and markets work. The Figure 2 shows the sales and profits of Tesco Bank from 2002 to 2010 (See Appendix 1). It is hard to analyze the trend of sales from 2009 to 2011. The sales fluctuated during this period. The profit increased rapidly from 2002 to 2005, then declined gradually due to the possible reasons of the bad global economy situation and the financial crisis. After Tesco Bank was entirely owned by Tesco, the profit boosted remarkably again such as the growth rate was 65. 625% in 2009 and the average growth rate of profit from 2008 to 2011 was 29. 72%. However, the growth rate declined year by year. Based on the evidence above, it can be inferred that Tesco Bank is now at the maturity stage. According to the trend of profit, the product achieved acceptance by customers for a period of time, then the big change in 2008 led to rejuvenation of its business. At the same time, the sales growth was slowdown but it seems to increase in the future. These points match to the characteristics of maturity stage (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Boston’s Matrix is a chart to evaluate a company’s market strategy and situation according to its relative market share and market growth rate (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). It can be described as Figure 3. The market growth rate of Tesco Bank was high in recent years but the relative market share is still low based on the data above. Pettinger (2011) states that Tesco Bank is a smaller bank in the UK which ranks 10th of 10 Largest UK Retail Banks. Question marks means a company has relative low market share and high market growth rate (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Thus, now Tesco Bank should be a question mark. It is time to think about the future direction of Tesco Bank. Datamonitor (2010) reveals that the current consumer dissatisfaction with banks is a good chance for Tesco Bank to gain market share by the similar way Tesco is successful in the grocery sector. Tesco Bank announced it has targeted to win 10% market share of the UK’s financial services market in the future (Halime, 2010). It seems that Tesco Bank is expected to be a star in future years. TASK 3 TARGET MARKET Target market is defined as a set of customers who have common needs or characteristics that companies would like to give service to (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Now All Tesco Bank’ products have a common characteristic that every product purchased can get points and discount with a Tesco Clubcard. This is not only a fantastic way to attract customers, but also all Tesco customers who have a Clubcard have been targeted. Tesco states that the most loyal shoppers (15 million Tesco Club card holders) are initially targeted by Tesco Bank (Aldrick, 2009). Credit cards and loans are only available to UK residents and over 18s. All Tesco Bank’s products such as home insurance, pet insurance, travel money and credit card are relative to the needs of families and daily life. Geographic segmentation This segmentation divides market into several geographical areas. Tesco planned to open Tesco Bank branches in 30 of its stores in the UK in 2009 and branches would open in Brislington in the North East, Coventry in the Midlands and Blackpool in the North West (Clews, 2009) Demographic segmentation This segmentation divides market into segments such as age, family, income, occupation, religion and nationality. According to bank’s insurance classification (car, home, pet, travel, life, over 50s, health, dental, breakdown), credit cards and loans condition, the age should be targeted from 18 to 50 and over 50s. Tesco Bank also has child trust fund, Tesco Baby amp; Toddler club and Tesco Child Health Plan, so the target of family life cycle should be families with children, pets and cars. Behavioural segmentation This segmentation divides market into segments such as knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses. As Tesco Bank’s products can all be linked to its Tesco Clubcard, loyalty status should be strong in this case. Consumers are loyal to Tesco brand for its great brand awareness. On the other hand, the Clubcard enhances the loyalty of consumers with its benefits. TASK 4 PRODUCT REPOSITIONING Product positioning means products are considered by consumers when purchase, consumers will identify the products compared with competing products (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). This assignment will choose Tesco Bank’s Clubcard credit card as main product compare with its competitors by perceptual map, then reposition this credit card to a more competitive position. The Figure 4 shows a positioning map for four types of credit cards from Tesco Bank, Sainsbury’s Bank, Halifax and HSBC on two dimensions: months of balance transfers for 0% and months of purchase for 0% (See Appendix 2) (Tescocompare, 2012). Thus, customers’ view of Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is very different from others. Its 15 months of purchase for 0% is significantly more than others, but the months of balance transfers are the least of all cards. The main advantage of Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is that customers have a very long length of time for 0% interest rate credit so that the fewer months of balance transfers for 0% is acceptable. By contrast, the credit cards of Sainsbury’s, Halifax and HSBC focus on the months of balance transfers for 0%, but there is a transaction fee when customers transfer the debts. However, Tesco Clubcard Credit Card has the lowest fee (2. 9% fee) compared with others (Sainsbury’s 3% fee, Halifax 3% fee, and HSBC 3. 3% fee) (See Appendix 2). In order to reposition Tesco Clubcard Credit Card to a more competitive position, it is better to extend the months of balance transfers for 0% as the figure 5 shows. Now Tesco Clubcard Credit Card is more attractive to customers. Beside its advantage of purchase, its balance transfers aspect is no longer weak compared with others. Tesco Bank may generate fewer profits from this product due to its long period of time for zero interest rate and less transaction fee. However, this change will attract more customers to enhance its customer base in the short-term. The strong customer base will increase total consumption and is good for entire business performance in the long-term. TASK 5 PRICING STRATEGIES Pricing strategy is that a company sets a right price strategy in order to generate profits and be successful in the market. The main pricing strategies are customer value-based pricing, cost-based pricing and competition-based pricing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Competition-based pricing means the price is set based on competitors’ pricing strategies, cost, and marketing offering (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). The main pricing strategy of Tesco Bank is competition-based pricing. Because most of the retail banks offer the similar products such as loans, credit cards, savings and insurance, Tesco Bank set a more competitive price to attract customers according to its Tescocompare. com system (a system compare Tesco Bank’s products with other banks’ products). For example, the interest rate of loans and credit cards is second lowest of all the similar products (See Appendix 2 and 3). The reason may be that Tesco Bank is a new entrant and faces numerous experienced competitors setting slightly high prices relative to the value they deliver, charging a relative low price would be better for Tesco Bank to attract customers and gain more market share. In addition, Tesco Bank also uses discount pricing and promotional pricing. For example, new customers could save up to 20% with a Clubcard when they buy car insurance online. New customers with a Clubcard who quote and buy a Tesco Bank Pet Insurance policy directly from Tesco Bank between 12 April and 22 May 2012 can get a free ? 0 Tesco Gift Card (Tesco Bank website, 2012). New pricing strategies for repositioned product As the Tesco Clubcard Credit Card has repositioned, it has more competitive advantages. Then this assignment will develop a good-value pricing strategy for Tesco Clubcard Credit Card. Good-value pricing strategy means a company provides a combo of good quality and service at a reasonable price (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). Cooperation with other retailers or restaurants in the UK to offer some benefits is a good idea to use this strategy. For example, Tesco Bank can cooperate with Zara that every purchase in Zara by only using Tesco Clubcard Credit Card can get 5% discount. Thus, more people would like to use this credit card so that it would strengthen Tesco Bank’s customer base. On the other hand, Zara’s sales might increase because of the discount. In addition, customers get benefits. TASK 6 POSTER DESIGN FOR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN It is a poster for advertising Tesco Clubcard Credit Card of Tesco Bank (See the A3 poster). In the white area, the credit card image and a red circle with words are striking. Customers can know what the product is at the first sight. â€Å"1 card, 3 great benefits† tell customers this credit card is outstanding because this card has 3 great benefit for customers if they use this card. These show the main part of poster that creates a general impression to customers and attracts them. The first three lines of words in the blue area are the details of the three great benefits. â€Å"0% on all purchases for 15 months† and â€Å"0% on balance transfers for 15 months† reflect its competition-based pricing strategy because this set of interest has an advantage compared with other products when customers make a decision. Balance transfers for 15 months† shows the repositioning feature discussed above. It makes this card be more attractive to customers. â€Å"Every little helps† is the slogan of Tesco enhancing the Tesco Brand. â€Å"Over 18s, UK residents† shows the segments which this product is available for, reflecting its target market as well. The collecting points also reflect the Tesco Clubcard customers are included in its target segment. â€Å"Ask at the customer service desk for more details† is guidance for further steps if customers want to know more. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Tesco Bank has already done well as a new entrant into bank industry. However, it still has some space for improvement according to the analysis above. It has the potential to boost sales in the future due to its particular advantages such as little influence by financial crisis and strong brand awareness. The low price advantage is also easy for Tesco Bank to attract customers. If Tesco Bank continues to adjust its market strategy in the future, it could reach the top of UK banks. The future market strategy of Tesco Bank should focus on strengthening its customer base and service improvement. Service quality is an important factor to determine customer satisfaction (Maddern, H et al, 2007). Innovation of products is important. If the product has an available special characteristic, bank would have more power to generate profits and set slight high price. Tesco supermarkets are good platforms for Tesco Bank to advertise itself, and take full advantage of them. Appendix Appendix 1: Source: Tesco Annual Report from 2002 to 2011 Appendix 2: Source: http://tesco. lovemoney. com/creditcards Appendix 3: Source: http://www. tescocompare. com/loans. shtml Bibliography Aldrick, P (2009). Tesco moves closer to full banking. The Telegraph. [Online] Available from: http://www. telegraph. co. k/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/6617485/Tesco-moves-closer-to-full-banking-with-IT-system. html. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Bell, S (2010). UK’s Tesco Offers 0% Interest Rate For 13 Months On Clubcard Credit Card. CardLine; Vol. 10 Issue 31, p10-10, 1p. Clews, M (2009). Tesco to open bank branches in 30 stores. Marketing Week (01419285); 3/26/2009, Vol. 32 Issue 13, p44-44, 1p. Datam onitor (2010). Tesco Bank set to play with the big boys and be a top 10 bank. [Online] Available from: http://about. datamonitor. com/media/archives/3705. (accessed 13 April 2012) Datamonitor (2011). Tesco PLC company profile. Online] Available from: http://www. datamonitor. com/. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Halime, F (2010). Tesco Bank eyes 10% of UK market share. Retail Bank International. [Online] Available from: http://www. vrl-financial-news. com/retail-banking/retail-banker-intl/issues/rbi-2010/rbi-629/tesco-bank-eyes-10-of-uk-mark. aspx. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Kotler, P;amp; Armstrong, G (2012). Principles of Marketing (14th ed. ). Pearson Education. p 66-67, 224-230, 231-232, 297-303, 315-324. Maddern, H et al (2007). Customer satisfaction and service quality in UK financial services. International Journal of Operations ;amp; Production Management. Vol. 7 Issue 9, p998-1019, 22p. MarketWatch (2009). Industry Comment: Tesco: becoming the Tesco of financial services. Vol. 8 Iss ue 4, p5-5, 2/3p. MarketWatch (2009). Tesco: renaming of banking division heralds a renewed attack on Britain’s players. Vol. 8 Issue 11, p11-12, 2p. Pettinger, T (2011). Top 10 British Banks. Economicshelp. [Online] Available from: http://www. economicshelp. org. (Accessed 14 April 2012) Sky News (2008). Tesco Pays ? 950m To Become Bank. [Online] Available from: http://news. sky. com/home/business/article/15058484. (Accessed 14 April 2012) The Telegraph (2009). Tesco Bank to offer current accounts and mortgages. Online] Available from: http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/personalfinance/consumertips/banking/6266043/Tesco-Bank-to-offer-current-accounts-and-mortgages. html. (Accessed 14 April 2012) Tesco plc website (2012). Annual reports. Investors. [Online] Available from: http://www. tescoplc. com/index. asp? pageid=166. (Accessed 13 April 2012) Tescocompare (2012). Credit Cards. Money. [Online] Available from: http://tesco. lovemoney. com/creditcards. (Accessed 15 April 2012) Tesco Bank website (2012). Insurance. [Online] Available from: http://www. tescobank. com/personal/finance/home. html. (Accessed 15 April 2012) How to cite Tesco Bank Marketing, Papers

Neoliberal Model of Education-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Singapore's push to become an education hub has propagated a neoliberal model of education which is threatening the sanctity of academic standards. Answer: Introduction The demand for the higher education in Singapore is enormous. The HSBC had conducted a review on the view of the Singaporean population regarding the value of higher education in the year 2015. According to that review, almost 91% of the older population opine that the child requires at least an undergraduate degree to achieve their own life goals. Neoliberalism, as such, cannot be defined in a particular way. It may be defined as a market of self-regulation wherein a system of ideas are circulated by the intellectuals of the right wing. Neoliberalism has rendered the cultural and the moral concerns of education secondary and in some cases completely sidelined the issues. There has been an unmistakable growth in the trends towards the convergence of the global policy that the imparting of education must be targeted at the fulfilment of the global market issues and especially towards the issues of the global economy. The educational institution in the modern day world are under a tremendous amount of pressure to keep their curricula aligned to the global economic requirements. The educational institutions, these days, are under a huge pressure in order to provide the learners with formal education that is at par with the requirements that have been put forward by the global economy. The following sections of this paper attempts a literature review of the previous researches that have been conducted on the issue of neoliberal model of education. The assignment then proceeds to summarize the findings of the research. Literature Review According to Rizvi (2017), neoliberalism refers to an account of the globalization which is staged on the naturalistic terms as a neutral description of the realities of the contemporary society. These realities are self-evident in nature. He further opines that the education needs to help in the production of the individuals who are capable of working in a creative manner with the knowledge that is acquired by them. These individuals tend to be lifelong learners who are adaptable, mobile and flexible. They also tend to be confident inter-culturally and have a global mindset. He argues that the developing countries like Singapore have started to define the purpose of the education that is provided in the country on terms that are broadly similar to the neoliberal terms. Neoliberalism has affected the ways of thinking about the methods whereby Singapore may be transformed in to an education hub of the Orient. The concept has paved the ways for Singapore to raise its share in the globa l market for education. According to a report by the Education Workgroup that was set up in order to consider the Developing Singapores Education Industry education is treated purely to be a commodity. This report reviews the field of education as completely an area of revenue generation instead of being the field of development of the future of the country by properly educating the youth and the kids of the country. The course of the materials of education even have changed to a huge degree. The present materials of education are more focused on the factors that may help in the generation of the revenue in the country (Loh and Hu 2014). The government of Singapore has also focusses on attracting foreign students and retaining them within the country. The idea of nurturing and promoting the education system as a revenue generating system had been under the limits earlier by the government but in the recent times, the discourse has changed and the education system has become much mor e like the other business fields that operate on the basis of the mechanisms of the market that respond to the economic exchange of the country. The education industry is thus observed to follow the practices and the techniques that are needed to support the generation of revenue. The neoliberal model of education may be considered to be superior to the other models of education due to the definiteness of the views of the approach towards education. Neoliberalism, according to Connell (2013), views education to be q process that brings about the social reproduction. Education according to neoliberalism should help in the training of the younger members of the society and thus according to the values and the languages that are used by their elders. Neoliberalism has affected the educator workforce too. The employment of teachers on a part-time basis as well on a temporary basis have increased. This has led to the full-time educators to be insecure regarding their jobs. The teachers s hould be able to interpret the goals of the curriculum and the learning experiences of the students with the help of the daily experiences in their field, their overall knowledge and the beliefs that they have about the concept of education (Neoh 2017). The teachers are, at times, required to impart education about the subject content that they feel are out of their expertise. This occurs during the conditions wherein an integrated curriculum of study is introduced in the secondary levels of the schools. According to Gray and Block (2012), the market principles have made a huge impact on the education systems, which were ordered and structured differently in the earlier times. Furlong (2013), further argues that the education sector is viewed to be a mechanism that is used to produce the human capital in order to compete and serve the global economy. Ball (2012) argues that the effect of neoliberalism on the education system at times assumes the role of the control systems that operate on a managerial level. The practice of neoliberalism in the schools led to the reforms in the educational systems which in turn led to the increase in the competition that exists among the schools due to the increased specialization of the schools and more and more schools gaining autonomy. The increase in the competition for the students and the funding of the schools have resulted in an increasingly explicit marketization of the academic achievements of the school and the practices that are intrinsic to the discourse characteristics of neoliberalism. The neoliberal interests in Taiwan, as demonstrated by Thomas and Yang (2013), aided the rise of the obsession that was forced alongside the top-down evaluation methods. This had aggravated the competition between the educational institutions thereby leading to the reforms in the curricula and the pedagogy that are driven by the requisitions of the market. In South Korea, as noted by Piller and Cho (2013), the neoliberal structures of the system of education have also perpetuated the practice and the ideology of the competitiveness. Sattler (2012) had conducted an analysis on the reforms introduced in the past two decades in the Ontario government in the field of education. This reanalysis had revealed an increment in the emphasis of neoliberalism on the marketization, accountability and competition in the fields of education. According to Hargreaves and Shirley (2012), the way forward is directed by an educational system that has been able to reject the charters and the chains of the reform of the educational system that is driven by the market (Lam et al 2013). Discussion or Summary of Research According to a former minister for education of Singapore, the economic needs of the country proves to be a driving agent for education in the country. The Singaporean government had enacted law known as the Compulsory Education Act in the year 2003 so as to equip the citizens with the knowledge and skills that were needed for the citizens who were part of an economy that is based on knowledge. The neoliberal educational system of Singapore is driven by the concept of making profit and demands the competitiveness on the part of the citizens of the country. The economic survival of the country depends on the preparedness of its citizens to take part in the global competition. They should possess the skills necessary so as to help the Singapore Inc. to gain profits in the global economic market. The neoliberal movement in the field of education have joined the forces with the Singaporean practice of benchmarking the schools based on the test results of the students of the concerned sch ools. All the students of the primary schools have to take the Primary School Leaving Examination or the PSLE, conducted nationally to secure a placement in the secondary schools. The annual scores of the PSLE provided the necessary criteria that could be used by the general masses to rate the schools and compare them against each other. The Ministry of Education had ended its practice of publishing the names of the top PLSE scorers in the year 2012. The Ministry of Education had been providing the list of the students who have been performing well in both the nonacademic as well as the academic fields (Moe.gov.sg 2017). The schools are compared on the basis of the socio-economic status of the families of the students, the ratio of the ethnicity of the population of the school and the educational attainment of the parents of those that study in the school. In response to the worldwide neoliberal trends of economy, Singapore has introduced the integrated system of the curriculum in i ts educational fields. The education ministry of the country had also recognized the reason as to why the schooling perspectives need to relocate their focus. The schooling systems were found to be more focused on the needs of the students. The government of the country had put across their views that the students must be made to be more equipped with the skills, knowledge and the abilities so that they could handle the demands that are posed by the new age economies. Initiatives were taken to foster the active learning of the students. The students were encouraged to participate in the programs that fostered the process of life-long learning and the development of character. The practice of the teachers in Singapore are influenced by a number of factors that include their concepts of integration, the problems that they face due to transfer from the discipline-based curricula to the integrated curricula and the attitude that they maintain towards the development of the curriculum. The practices of the teachers are influenced by the perspectives and the beliefs that the teachers and the educators have about the general education as well as the ideas that they have about the curriculum. The beliefs about the actions that are looked forward from the teachers are equally important. The teachers should be well aware of their roles in the society and the abilities that they possess. The venture into the integrated curricula, which had been promoted by the Singaporean Ministry of Education in order to promote the neoliberalist theory of education, has help the educators to adopt a more progressive practice designing of the curriculum. The Singaporean Ministry of education aims to provide its young citizens with a very strong education and helps them to develop the needed skills, values and the character that they would find necessary to perform in the daily challenges that they might face in their lives. The education system in Singapore can be observed to be very diverse as well as flexible. This allows the students to have a greater number of choices which may help them to satisfy the different types of interests that they have in the different fields of study wherein they engage themselves. The freedom to choose their own field of study will encourage the students to gain better ownership of the language. The Singaporean education system attempts to provide the students with an education that is more broad-based. This type of education also helps the student to development in an all-round manner both inside and outside the class room. These significant approaches aim to help the students of the country to nurtu re the different skills that they possess for the future when they might need to use these skills (Moe.gov.sg 2017). The Singaporean Ministry of Education has attempted an identification of the different competencies that has gained importance in the 21st century. This has led to the conclusion that the educators and the parents have to put in joint efforts in order to help the students to flourish and override the competencies that have developed in the global work fields. The educators of the country aim to provide every single Singaporean student to possess a great sense of self-awareness, a balanced moral compass and the other necessary knowledge and skills that are required to overcome the challenges that the student may face in the future (Moe.gov.sg 2017). In the present days, Singapore is one of the most rapidly developing states with respect to education. The country is also observed to be one of the top performers in the field of education (Bbc.com 2017). Conclusion Thus from the above discussion it may be concluded that the neoliberal model of education needs to be popularized in order to help the students to achieve more success in their future fields of work. The educational authorities should promote the neoliberal literacy in the programs that are aimed at the training that is provided to the teachers during their training. The existing teachers should be allowed a certain amount of time to get accustomed to the neoliberal mode of education that has gained popularity in the global market for education. The teachers should help in the introduction of the progressive pedagogies among the students. The teachers are also required to help the students to cope up with these strategies that need to be employed for enacting the pedagogies in the current ambience of neoliberal education. There needs to be a rise in the awareness of the neoliberal model of practice and thought in the training models that are used to educate or train the teachers. The teachers must develop the ability to implement the alternative pedagogies in a strategic manner. The government and the other concerned committees must take care of the fact that there is a well-built networking system at the educational institutions that may serve to support the students as well as the teachers at the times when they may need help regarding the matters concerning the education. The neoliberal model of education needs the teachers to collaborate together and discuss the problems that they might be facing while teaching a certain subject or a certain curriculum. References Ball, Stephen J. "Performativity, commodification and commitment: An I-spy guide to the neoliberal university."British Journal of Educational Studies60, no. 1 (2012): 17-28. Bbc.com. 2017. "Asia Tops Global School Rankings".BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-32608772. Connell, Raewyn. "The neoliberal cascade and education: An essay on the market agenda and its consequences."Critical studies in education54, no. 2 (2013): 99-112. Furlong, John. 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